Health Policy and Governance in India: Bridging Regulation, Education, Ethics, and Future Readiness — A Comprehensive Review
Keywords:
Health governance, Regulation, Ethics, Medical education, Digital health, ABDM, DPDP Act, Global governance, Implementation scienceAbstract
Health governance in India is undergoing a profound transformation driven by regulatory reforms, digital health expansion, competencybased medical education, and a renewed emphasis on ethical, transparent, and accountable systems. This review synthesizes the evolution, current frameworks, challenges, and future pathways for health governance in India, integrating global comparative models and implementation science perspectives. Using insights from national health missions, statutory bodies, international best practices, and emerging digital ecosystems—including the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) and the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act 2023—this article provides a comprehensive, academically grounded analysis. The manuscript aims to guide policymakers, medical educators, hospital administrators, and public health leaders in strengthening India's governance ecosystem for the coming decades.
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